Cities are increasingly at the heart of the climate agenda, as they face growing risks, hold trillions of dollars in vulnerable assets, and will absorb most future population and economic growth. The third round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs 3.0) marks a significant shift, revealing an unprecedented effort by countries to reflect this urban dimension within their national climate commitments for mitigation and adaptation.

Developed by UN-Habitat with support from the University of Southern DenmarkUniversity of Southern Denmark, this global overview examines how 67 countries have embedded urban climate priorities in their NDCs 3.0. It analyzes how urban risks and challenges are framed, the specific climate actions pledged across major urban sectors, and the practical mechanisms proposed to implement these commitments.